A Two-Tier Estimation of Distribution Algorithm for Composite Laminate Optimization

The paper proposes a new evolutionary algorithm for composite laminate optimization, named Double-Distribution Optimization Algorithm (DDOA). DDOA belongs to the family of estimation of distributions algorithms (EDA) that build a statistical model of promising regions of the design space based on sets of good points, and use it to guide the search. A generic framework for introducing statistical variable dependencies by making use of the physics of the problem is presented. The algorithm uses two distributions simultaneously: the marginal distributions of the design variables, complemented by the distribution of auxiliary variables. The combination of the two generates complex distributions at a low computational cost. The paper demonstrates the efficiency of DDOA for laminate strength maximization problem where the design variables are the fiber angles and the auxiliary variables are the lamination parameters. The results show that its reliability in finding the optima is greater than that of a simple EDA, the univariate marginal distribution algorithm. The paper specifically investigates how the compromise exploitation/exploration can be adjusted. It demonstrates that DDOA maintains a high level of exploration without sacrificing exploitation.